Algeria. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

Pen Ink City Algiers Pen Ink City Oran Pen Ink City Constantine Pen Ink City Annaba Pen Ink City Batna Pen Ink City Blida Pen Ink City Sétif Pen Ink City Chlef Pen Ink City Djelfa Pen Ink City Sidi Bel Abbes Pen Ink City Biskra Pen Ink City Tébessa Pen Ink City Tiaret Pen Ink City Ouargla Pen Ink City Béjaïa Pen Ink City Skikda Pen Ink City Tlemcen Pen Ink City Bordj Bou Arreridj Pen Ink City Béchar Pen Ink City Médéa Pen Ink City Touggourt Pen Ink City Jijel Pen Ink City Souk Ahras Pen Ink City Mostaganem Pen Ink City M'Sila Pen Ink City El Eulma Pen Ink City Khenchela Pen Ink City Saïda Pen Ink City Aïn Oussera Pen Ink City El Oued Pen Ink City Guelma Pen Ink City Relizane Pen Ink City Laghouat Pen Ink City Bordj el Kiffan Pen Ink City Bou Saada Pen Ink City Bab Ezzouar Pen Ink City Messaad Pen Ink City Barika Pen Ink City Ain Beida Pen Ink City Ghardaia Pen Ink City Baraki Pen Ink City El Khroub England Description Algeria After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), has dominated politics ever since. Many Algerians in the subsequent generation were not satisfied, however, and moved to counter the FLN's centrality in Algerian politics. The surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting spurred the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. The government later allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderate religious-based parties, but this did not appease the activists who progressively widened their attacks. The fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense fighting between 1992-98 resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent and was reelected in a landslide victory in 2004. BOUTEFLIKA was overwhelmingly reelected to a third term in 2009 after the government amended the constitution in 2008 to remove presidential term limits. Longstanding problems continue to face BOUTEFLIKA, including large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing activities of extremist militants. The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) in 2006 merged with al-Qai'da to form al-Qai'da in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb, which has launched an ongoing series of kidnappings and bombings - including high-profile, mass-casualty suicide attacks targeting the Algerian Government and Western interests. Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia   Geographic Coordinates 28 00 N, 3 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas Coast line 998 km Climate arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer Terrain Algeria mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain Natural Resources Algeria petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc Irrigated land 5,690 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 14.3 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season Environment Currentissues soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water Geography Note second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan) Population Algeria 34,586,184 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.177% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 16.71 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 4.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.76 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 21,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Religions Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% Languages Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Education Expenditures 5.1% of GDP (1999) Government Type republic Administrative Divisions 48 provinces (wilayat, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen Independence 5 July 1962 (from France) National Holiday Revolution Day, 1 November (1954) Constitution 8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, 28 November 1996, 10 April 2002, and 12 November 2008 Legal System socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house; 144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote to serve six-year terms; the constitution requires half the Council to be renewed every three years) and the National People's Assembly (lower house; 389 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders Supreme Court Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders The Algerian Human Rights League or LADDH [Hocine ZEHOUANE]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR] International Organization Participation ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAS, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Flag Description two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because the Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness Economy Overview The state dominates most areas of the Algerian economy. Gradual liberalization since the mid-1990's has opened up more of the economy to private domestic and foreign participation, but recent government actions impose stricter controls on foreign investment. Hydrocarbons are the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the eighth-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the fourth-largest gas exporter; it ranks 15th in oil reserves. Weak global hydrocarbon prices during 2009 contributed to a 40% drop in government revenue, although the government continues to enjoy a financial cushion provided by about $150 billion in foreign currency reserves and a large hydrocarbons stabilization fund. Algeria's external debt is only about 1% of GDP. The government's efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector, however, has had little success in reducing high unemployment and improving living standards. A Complementary Finance Law, enacted in July, imposed tight restrictions on imports and required that new foreign investment must be in the form of joint ventures with at least 51% share of ownership by Algerian partners. That law and a January, 2009 ban on importing pharmaceutical products that are also locally produced have contributed to some domestic goods shortages and prompted foreign investors and businesses to reconsider activities in Algeria. Development of the banking sector, the construction of infrastructure, and other structural reforms are hampered by corruption and bureaucratic resistance. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $239.6 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $136.4 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 2.6% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $7,000 (2009 est.) Labor Force 9.612 million (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 12.4% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 23% (2006 est.) Distribution Of Family Income 35.3 (1995) Unvestment Gross Fixed 26.8% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 10.7% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 4.1% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 4% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money 8% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $60.91 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Domestic Credit $30.36 billion (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $NA Agriculture - Products $NA Industries wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle Industrial Production Growth Rate petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing Electricity Production 2.6% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 34.98 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 28.34 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 273 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Production 279 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 2.18 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 299,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 1.891 million bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 14,320 bbl/day (2007 est.) Natural Gas Production 12.2 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 86.5 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 26.83 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 59.67 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Current Account Balance 4.502 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports $5.523 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $52.03 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% Imports US 23.9%, Italy 15.5%, Spain 11.4%, France 8%, Netherlands 7.8%, Canada 6.8% (2008) Imports Commodities $39.51 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold France 16.5%, Italy 11%, China 10.3%, Spain 7.4%, Germany 6.1%, US 5.5% (2008) Debt - External $149.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $15.46 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $1.362 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - 72.5695 (2009), 63.25 (2008), 69.9 (2007), 72.647 (2006), 73.276 (2005) Airports AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999) Military Service Age and Obligation 143 (2009)

Copyright © 2010-2011 Pen Ink