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Arctic Ocean. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.
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England Description Arctic Ocean
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The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. In recent years the polar ice pack has thinned allowing for increased navigation and raising the possibility of future sovereignty and shipping disputes among countries bordering the Arctic Ocean.
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Location
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body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
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Geographic Coordinates
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90 00 N, 0 00 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
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Coast line
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45,389 km
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Climate
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polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
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Terrain Arctic Ocean
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central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
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Natural Resources Arctic Ocean
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sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
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Irrigated land
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ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
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Natural Hazards
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major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
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Environment Currentissues
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Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
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Geography Note
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Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
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Population Arctic Ocean
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sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
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Population growth rate
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the littoral states are engaged in various stages of demonstrating the limits of their continental shelves beyond 200 nautical miles from their declared baselines in accordance with Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; record summer melting of sea ice in the Arctic has restimulated interest in maritime shipping lanes and sea floor exploration
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Birth Rate
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Death Rate
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Netmigration Rate
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Total Fertility Rate
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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Religions
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Languages
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Education Expenditures
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Government Type
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Administrative Divisions
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Independence
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National Holiday
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Constitution
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Legal System
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Suffrage
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Legislative Branch
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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International Organization Participation
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Flag Description
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Economy Overview
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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Labor Force
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Unemployment Rate
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Population Below Poverty Line
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Distribution Of Family Income
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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Inflation Rrate
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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Stock Of Money
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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Agriculture - Products
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Industries
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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Electricity Production
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Electricity Consumption
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Electricity Exports
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Electricity Imports
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Oil Production
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Oil Consumption
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Oil Exports
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Oil Imports
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Oil Proved Reserves
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Natural Gas Production
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Natural Gas Consumption
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Natural Gas Exports
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Natural Gas Imports
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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Current Account Balance
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Exports
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Exports Commodities
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Exports Partners
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Imports
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Imports Commodities
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Imports Partners
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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Debt - External
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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Television Broadcast Stations
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Internet Country Code
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Airports
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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