Armenia. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Aragatsotn Pen Ink City Ararat Pen Ink City Armavir Pen Ink City Ararat Pen Ink City Shirak Pen Ink City Aragatsotn Pen Ink City Tavush Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Tavush Pen Ink City Gegharkunik Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Shirak Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Tavush Pen Ink City Vayots Dzor Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Shirak Pen Ink City Gegharkunik Pen Ink City Ararat Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Armavir Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Tavush Pen Ink City Gegharkunik Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Syunik Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Aragatsotn Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Kotayk Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Armavir Pen Ink City Lori Pen Ink City Gegharkunik Pen Ink City Vayots Dzor Pen Ink City Ararat Pen Ink City Vayots Dzor Pen Ink City Kotayk England Description Armenia Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey closed the common border with Armenia in 1994 because of the Armenian separatists' control of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, further hampering Armenian economic growth. However, in 2009 senior Armenian leaders began pursuing rapprochement with Turkey, which could result in the border reopening. Location Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey   Geographic Coordinates 40 00 N, 45 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate none (landlocked) Terrain Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters Natural Resources Armenia Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley Irrigated land small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, bauxite Total Renewable Water Resources 2,860 sq km (2003) Natural Hazards 10.5 cu km (1997) Environment Currentissues occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts Geography Note soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone Population Armenia landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range Population growth rate 2,966,802 (July 2010 est.) Birth Rate 0.016% (2010 est.) Death Rate 12.74 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate -4.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.36 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths fewer than 200 (2007 est.) Religions Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3% (2001 census) Languages Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3% Education Expenditures Armenian 97.7%, Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census) Government Type 3.2% of GDP (2001) Administrative Divisions republic Independence 11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan National Holiday 21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union) Constitution Independence Day, 21 September (1991) Legal System adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005 Suffrage based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Legislative Branch 18 years of age; universal Political Partie Sand Leaders unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote, 90 members elected by party list and 41 by direct vote; to serve five-year terms) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARIAN]; Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN]; Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSARUKIAN]; Republican Party of Armenia or HHK [Serzh SARGSIAN]; Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN] International Organization Participation Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN]; Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN] Flag Description ACCT (observer), ADB, BSEC, CE, CIS, CSTO, EAEC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (associate member), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Economy Overview three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange; the color red recalls the blood shed for liberty, blue the Armenian skies as well as hope, and orange the land and the courage of the workers who farm it GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) After several years of double-digit economic growth, Armenia is facing a severe economic recession with GDP declining at least 15% in 2009, despite large loans from multilateral institutions. Sharp declines in the construction sector and workers' remittances, particularly from Russia, are the main reasons for the downturn. Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has managed to reduce poverty, slash inflation, stabilize its currency, and privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia had made progress in implementing some economic reforms, including privatization, price reforms, and prudent fiscal policies, but geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made Armenia particularly vulnerable to the sharp deterioration in the global economy and the economic downturn in Russia. The conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s and Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support and most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002 and bought by Russia's RAO-UES in 2005. Construction of a pipeline to deliver natural gas from Iran to Armenia was completed in December 2008 but it is unlikely significant quantities of gas will flow through it until the Yerevan Thermal Power Plant renovation is completed in 2010. Armenia has some mineral deposits (copper, gold, bauxite). Pig iron, unwrought copper, and other nonferrous metals are Armenia's highest valued exports. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid, remittances from Armenians working abroad, and foreign direct investment. Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. The government made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been ineffective and the current economic downturn has led to a sharp drop in tax revenue and forced the government to accept large loan packages from Russia, the IMF, and other international financial institutions. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms in order to regain economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from two of its nearest neighbors, Turkey and Azerbaijan. GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $16.18 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate $8.785 billion (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) -15% (2009 est.) Labor Force $5,900 (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 1.481 million (2007 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 7.1% (2007 est.) Distribution Of Family Income 26.5% (2006 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed 37 (2006) Inflation Rrate 38.6% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 4.2% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 7.25% (2 December 2008) Stock Of Money 17.05% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $1.359 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Domestic Credit $950.1 million (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $1.98 billion (31 December 2008) Agriculture - Products $NA (31 December 2008) Industries fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock Industrial Production Growth Rate diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy Electricity Production -10% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 5.584 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 4.776 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 451.3 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2007 est.) Oil Production 418.7 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 48,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 45,200 bbl/day (2007 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 1.93 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 1.93 billion cu m (2008 est.) Current Account Balance 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports -$1.086 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $715 million (2009 est.) Exports Partners pig iron, unwrought copper, nonferrous metals, diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy Imports Russia 19.7%, Germany 17.4%, Netherlands 12.4%, Belgium 8.5%, Georgia 7.7%, Bulgaria 5.6%, US 5% (2008) Imports Commodities $2.547 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Russia 19.1%, China 8.6%, Ukraine 7.1%, Turkey 6%, Germany 5.7%, US 4.9%, Iran 4.6% (2008) Debt - External $885 million (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations drams (AMD) per US dollar - 360.07 (2009), 303.93 (2008), 344.06 (2007), 414.69 (2006), 457.69 (2005) Television Broadcast Stations 650,000 (2008) Internet Country Code 2.336 million (2008) Airports .am Military Service Age and Obligation Armenian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Force and Air Defense; "Nagorno-Karabakh Republic": Nagorno-Karabakh Self Defense Force (NKSDF) (2010)

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