Brazil. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. In January 2010, Brazil assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term. Location Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 10 00 S, 55 00 W Area - comparative slightly smaller than the US Coast line 7,491 km Climate mostly tropical, but temperate in south Terrain Brazil mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt Natural Resources Brazil bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber Irrigated land 29,200 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 8,233 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south Environment Currentissues deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills Geography Note largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador Population Brazil 201,103,330 Population growth rate 1.166% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 18.11 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.35 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.19 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.6% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 730,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2000 census) Religions Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census) Languages Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); note - less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages Education Expenditures 4% of GDP (2004) Government Type federal republic Administrative Divisions 26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins Independence 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) National Holiday Independence Day, 7 September (1822) Constitution 5-Oct-88 Legal System based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote Legislative Branch bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third and two-thirds of members elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders Supreme Federal Tribunal or STF (11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life); note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70 Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Landless Workers' Movement or MST International Organization Participation AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, CAN (associate), CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, RG, SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Flag Description green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress) Economy Overview Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments, adhering to an inflation target, and committing to fiscal responsibility. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After record growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Braxil in September 2008. Brazil's currency and its stock market - Bovespa - saw large swings as foreign investors pulled resources out of Brazil. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. Consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth returned to positive in the second quarter, 2009. The Central Bank expects growth of 5% for 2010. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $2.025 trillion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $1.499 trillion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate -0.2% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $10,200 (2009 est.) Labor Force 95.21 million (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 7.4% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 26% (2008) Distribution Of Family Income 56.7 (2005) Unvestment Gross Fixed 17% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 46.8% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 4.2% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 8.75% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money 47.25% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $125 billion (30 November 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit $645 billion (30 November 2009) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $1.249 trillion (31 December 2008) Agriculture - Products $976 billion (30 November 2009) Industries coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef Industrial Production Growth Rate textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment Electricity Production -7% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 438.8 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 404.3 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 2.034 billion kWh (2007 est.) Oil Production 42.06 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 2.422 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 2.52 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 570,100 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 632,900 bbl/day (2007 est.) Natural Gas Production 12.62 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 12.62 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 23.65 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 11.03 billion cu m (2008 est.) Current Account Balance 365 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports -$11.28 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $158.9 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos Imports US 13.7%, Argentina 8.7%, China 8.1%, Netherlands 5.2%, Germany 4.4% (2008) Imports Commodities $136 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold US 14.9%, China 11.6%, Argentina 7.9%, Germany 7% (2008) Debt - External $238 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $318.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $124.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code reals (BRL) per US dollar - 2.0322 (2009), 1.8644 (2008), 1.85 (2007), 2.1761 (2006), 2.4344 (2005) Airports AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999) Military Service Age and Obligation 4,000 (2009)

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