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Brunei. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.
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England Description Brunei
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The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia.
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Location
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Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
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Geographic Coordinates
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4 30 N, 114 40 E
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Area - comparative
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slightly smaller than Delaware
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Coast line
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161 km
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Climate
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tropical; hot, humid, rainy
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Terrain Brunei
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flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
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Natural Resources Brunei
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petroleum, natural gas, timber
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Irrigated land
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10 sq km (2003)
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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8.5 cu km (1999)
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Natural Hazards
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typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
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Environment Currentissues
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seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
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Geography Note
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close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave within Malaysia
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Population Brunei
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395,027 (July 2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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1.733% (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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18 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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3.32 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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1.88 children born/woman (2010 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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less than 0.1% (2003 est.)
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1% (2004 est.)
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Religions
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Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%
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Languages
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Malay (official), English, Chinese
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Education Expenditures
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5.2% of GDP (2000)
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Government Type
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constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)
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Administrative Divisions
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4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei-Muara, Temburong, Tutong
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Independence
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1 January 1984 (from the UK)
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National Holiday
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National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
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Constitution
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29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
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Legal System
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based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic sharia law supersedes civil law concerning Muslim marriages and inheritance; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage
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18 years of age for village elections; universal
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Legislative Branch
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The Sultan appointed a Legislative Council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005; the council has met in March of each year since then
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Sharia courts deal with Islamic laws (2006)
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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NA
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International Organization Participation
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ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Flag Description
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yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
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Economy Overview
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Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for just over half of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration into the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, increasing agricultural production, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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$19.43 billion (2009 est.)
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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$14.87 billion (2009 est.)
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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-1.9% (2009 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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$50,100 (2009 est.)
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Labor Force
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188,800 (2008 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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3.7% (2008)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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NA%
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Distribution Of Family Income
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2.7% (2008 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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5.5% (31 December 2008)
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Inflation Rrate
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$3.374 billion (30 March 2009)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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$8.151 billion (30 March 2009)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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$1.274 billion (31 December 2008)
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Stock Of Money
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$NA
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens, water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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-5.4% (2008 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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3.069 billion kWh (2008)
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Industries
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2.98 billion kWh (2008)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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175,200 bbl/day (2008)
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Electricity Exports
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15,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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152,900 bbl/day (2007)
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Oil Production
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238 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Exports
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13.4 billion cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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4.2 billion cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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9.2 billion cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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390.8 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Exports
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$7.024 billion (2008 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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$10.67 billion (2008)
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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crude oil, natural gas, garments
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Current Account Balance
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Japan 40.4%, Indonesia 21.4%, South Korea 15.3%, Australia 10% (2008)
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Exports
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$2.61 billion (2008 est.)
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Exports Commodities
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machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
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Exports Partners
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Singapore 36.3%, Malaysia 18.9%, Japan 7.6%, China 5.4%, Thailand 5%, US 4.7%, UK 4.7% (2008)
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Imports
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$0 (2005)
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Imports Commodities
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Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar - 1.45 (2009), 1.5886 (2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)
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Imports Partners
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76,600 (2008)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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376,000 (2008)
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Debt - External
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AM 1, FM 2 (transmitting on 18 different frequencies), shortwave 0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) station transmits two FM signals with English and Nepali service) (2006)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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.bn
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Television Broadcast Stations
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14,978 (2009)
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Internet Country Code
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217,000 (2008)
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Airports
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gas 37 km; oil 18 km (2009)
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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4.5% of GDP (2006)
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