Bulgaria. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Location Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 43 00 N, 25 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than Tennessee Coast line 354 km Climate temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers Terrain Bulgaria mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast Natural Resources Bulgaria bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land Irrigated land 5,880 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 19.4 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards earthquakes; landslides Environment Currentissues air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes Geography Note strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia Population Bulgaria 7,148,785 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.768% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 9.43 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 14.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.41 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 346 (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census) Religions Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census) Languages Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census) Education Expenditures 4.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type parliamentary democracy Administrative Divisions 28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya, Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol Independence 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire) National Holiday Liberation Day, 3 March (1878) Constitution adopted on 12 July 1991 Legal System civil and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders independent judiciary comprised of judges, prosecutors and investigating magistrates who are appointed, promoted, demoted, and dismissed by a 25-member Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 members, half of whom are elected by the National Assembly and the other half by the bodies of the judiciary for a 5-year term in office); three levels of case review; 182 courts of which two Supreme Courts act as the last instance on civil and criminal cases (the Supreme Court of Cassation) and appeals of government decisions (the Supreme Administrative Court) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB; Podkrepa Labor Confederation International Organization Participation ACCT, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Flag Description three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue Economy Overview Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn is reducing exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP in 2009 contracted by approximately 5%. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain significant challenges. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $90.51 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $45.3 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate -4.9% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $12,600 (2009 est.) Labor Force 3.2 million (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 9.1% (2009) Population Below Poverty Line 14% (2008) Distribution Of Family Income 29.8 (2008) Unvestment Gross Fixed 25% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 14.7% of GDP (2009) Central Bank Discount Rate 1.6% (2009) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 0.55% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money 10.86% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $12.63 billion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit $20.61 billion (31 December 2009) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $33.19 billion (31 December 2009) Agriculture - Products $9.46 billion (31 December 2008) Industries vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock Industrial Production Growth Rate electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel Electricity Production -14% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 44.83 billion kWh (2008) Electricity Exports 29.9 billion kWh (2008) Electricity Imports 5.407 billion kWh (2008) Oil Production 3.097 billion kWh (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 3,357 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 124,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 76,570 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 189,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) Natural Gas Production 15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 218 million cu m (2008) Natural Gas Exports 3.35 billion cu m (2008) Natural Gas Imports 0 cu m (2008) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 3.48 billion cu m (2008) Current Account Balance 5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports -$5.812 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $16.23 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels Imports Greece 9.8%, Germany 9.1%, Turkey 8.9%, Italy 8.5%, Romania 7.2%, Belgium 5.8%, France 4% (2008) Imports Commodities $23.27 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Russia 14.6%, Germany 11.8%, Italy 7.9%, Ukraine 7.3%, Romania 5.6%, Turkey 5.5%, Greece 5.4%, Austria 4.1% (2008) Debt - External $17.68 billion (31 December 2009) Radio Broadcast Stations $47.31 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $1.392 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.4352 (2009), 1.3171 (2008), 1.4366 (2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5741 (2005) Airports AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2001) Military Service Age and Obligation 212 (2009)

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