Colombia. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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A four-decade long conflict between government forces and anti-government insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. The insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government and violence has been decreasing since about 2002, but insurgents continue attacks against civilians and large areas of the countryside are under guerrilla influence or are contested by security forces. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries had demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) as a formal organization had ceased to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, emerging criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. However, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders. Location Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 4 00 N, 72 00 W Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas Coast line 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) Climate tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Terrain Colombia flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains Natural Resources Colombia petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower Irrigated land 9,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 2,132 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts Environment Currentissues deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions Geography Note only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea Population Colombia 44,205,293 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.184% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 17.76 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.18 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.6% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 170,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1% Religions Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% Languages Spanish Education Expenditures 4.7% of GDP (2006) Government Type republic; executive branch dominates government structure Administrative Divisions 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada Independence 20 July 1810 (from Spain) National Holiday Independence Day, 20 July (1810) Constitution 5 July 1991; amended many times Legal System based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted into law in 2004 and reached full implementation in January 2008; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders National Liberation Army or ELN; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC International Organization Participation BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Flag Description three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red Economy Overview Colombia experienced accelerating growth between 2002 and 2007, chiefly due to advancements in domestic security, to rising commodity prices, and to President URIBE's promarket economic policies. Foreign direct investment reached a record $10 billion in 2008. A series of policies enhanced Colombia's investment climate: President URIBE's pro-market measures; pro-business reforms in the oil and gas sectors; and export-led growth fueled mainly by the Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act. Inequality, underemployment, and narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, and Colombia's infrastructure requires major improvements to sustain economic expansion. Because of the global financial crisis and weakening demand for Colombia's exports, Colombia's economy grew only 2.6% in 2008, and contracted slightly in 2009. In response, the URIBE administration cut capital controls, arranged for emergency credit lines from multilateral institutions, and promoted investment incentives, such as Colombia's modernized free trade zone mechanism, legal stability contracts, and new bilateral investment treaties and trade agreements. The government also encouraged exporters to diversify their customer base beyond the United States and Venezuela, traditionally Colombia's largest trading partners. The government is pursuing free trade agreements with European and Asian partners and awaits the approval of a Canadian trade accord by Canada's parliament. In 2009, China replaced Venezuela as Colombia's number two trading partner, largely because of Venezuela's decision to limit the entry of Colombia products. The business sector remains concerned about the impact of the global recession on Colombia's economy, Venezuela's trade restrictions on Colombian exports, an appreciating domestic currency, and the pending US Congressional approval of the US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $401 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $231.3 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate -0.1% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $9,200 (2009 est.) Labor Force 21.53 million (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 12% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 46.8% (2008) Distribution Of Family Income 58.5 (2008) Unvestment Gross Fixed 23.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 46.1% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 2% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 3.5% (31 November 2009) Stock Of Money 9.57% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $25.01 billion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit $26.57 billion (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $89.69 billion (31 December 2008) Agriculture - Products $143.5 billion (31 December 2009) Industries coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp Industrial Production Growth Rate textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds Electricity Production -5.9% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 50.58 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 38.59 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 876.7 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Production 39.4 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 670,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 291,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 294,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 16,540 bbl/day (2007 est.) Natural Gas Production 1.668 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 9 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 8.1 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 900 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Current Account Balance 105.9 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports -$7.136 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $31.34 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, cut flowers Imports US 38%, Venezuela 16.2%, Ecuador 4% (2008) Imports Commodities $31.67 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008) Debt - External $24.84 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $75.99 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $15.68 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code Colombian pesos (COP) per US dollar - 1,990 (2009), 2,243.6 (2008), 2,013.8 (2007), 2,358.6 (2006), 2,320.75 (2005) Airports AM 454, FM 34, shortwave 27 (1999) Military Service Age and Obligation 992 (2009)

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