Croatia. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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Pen Ink City Zlatar Pen Ink City Županja England Description Croatia Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and an announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. Location Central Europe, northwest of Romania WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 47 00 N, 20 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Indiana Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate none (landlocked) Terrain Croatia temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers Natural Resources Croatia mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border Irrigated land bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land Total Renewable Water Resources 2,300 sq km (2003) Natural Hazards 120 cu km (2005) Environment Currentissues the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution to meet EU requirements will require large investments Geography Note landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions Population Croatia 9,880,059 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.26% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 9.43 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 12.9 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 0.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.36 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 3,300 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001 census) Religions Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census) Languages Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census) Education Expenditures 5.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type parliamentary democracy Administrative Divisions 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 23 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros) Independence 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date) National Holiday Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August Constitution 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989; and 1997 Legal System based on the German-Austrian legal system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and cities); Company For Freedom Rights (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert) or TASZ (personal data protection); Danube Circle (protests the building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam); Green Future (protests the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the people); environmentalists: Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet)or MME; Green Alternative (Zold Alternativa) International Organization Participation Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Flag Description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green; the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries, and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor form of the French flag; folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red is seen as being for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for the pasturelands that make up so much of the country Economy Overview Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income nearly two-thirds that of the EU-25 average. The private sector accounts for more than 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms is widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $200 billion since 1989. The government's austerity measures, imposed since late 2006, have reduced the budget deficit from over 9% of GDP in 2006 to 3.3% in 2008. Hungary's impending inability to service its short-term debt - brought on by the global financial crisis in late 2008 - led Budapest to seek and receive an IMF-arranged financial assistance package worth over $25 billion. The global economic downturn, declining exports, and low domestic consumption and fixed asset accumulation, dampened by government austerity measures, resulted in an economic contraction of 6.7% in 2009. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $184.9 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $125.7 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate -6.7% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $18,600 (2009 est.) Labor Force 3.8 million (January 2010 est.) Unemployment Rate 10.8% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 12% (2010 est.) Distribution Of Family Income 28 (2005) Unvestment Gross Fixed 19% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 78% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 2% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 6.25% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money 6.66% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $30.27 billion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit $40.7 billion (31 December 2009) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $88.67 billion (31 December 2009) Agriculture - Products $25.6 billion (31 December 2009) Industries wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products Industrial Production Growth Rate mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles Electricity Production -17.7% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 40.03 billion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 37.4 billion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 9.446 billion kWh (2008 est.) Oil Production 13.35 billion kWh (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 37,830 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 162,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Imports 72,050 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 195,400 bbl/day (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 20.18 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 2.643 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 13.17 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 21 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 11.47 billion cu m (2008 est.) Current Account Balance 8.098 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Exports $700 million (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $83.34 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6% (2009 est.) Imports Germany 25.4%, Italy 5.2%, Romania 5.1%, Austria 4.7%, Taiwan 4.5%, Slovakia 4.5%, France 4.5%, UK 4.4% (2008) Imports Commodities $76.89 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners machinery and equipment 50%, fuels and electricity 11%, food products, raw materials Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Germany 24.6%, Russia 8.7%, China 7.2%, Austria 6%, Taiwan 4.9%, Netherlands 4.4%, France 4.2%, Italy 4.1% (2008) Debt - External $44.18 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $238.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $160.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code forints (HUF) per US dollar - 200.64 (2009), 171.8 (2008), 183.83 (2007), 210.39 (2006), 199.58 (2005) Airports AM 5, FM 90, shortwave 1 (2008) Military Service Age and Obligation 46 (2009)

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