Ecuador. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

Pen Ink City Ambato Pen Ink City Arajuno Pen Ink City Babahoyo Pen Ink City Bahía de Caráquez Pen Ink City Baños Pen Ink City Cuenca Pen Ink City Durán Pen Ink City Esmeraldas Pen Ink City Guaranda Pen Ink City Guayaquil Pen Ink City Ibarra Pen Ink City Latacunga Pen Ink City Macas Pen Ink City Machala Pen Ink City Manta Pen Ink City Milagro Pen Ink City Nueva Loja Pen Ink City Piñas Pen Ink City Pintag Pen Ink City Portoviejo Pen Ink City Quito (capital) Pen Ink City Riobamba Pen Ink City Salinas Pen Ink City Santo Domingo de los Colorados Pen Ink City Shell Mera Pen Ink City Tulcán England Description Ecuador What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Protests in Quito have contributed to the mid-term ouster of Ecuador's last three democratically elected Presidents. In September 2008, voters approved a new constitution; Ecuador's twentieth since gaining independence. General elections, under the new constitutional framework, were held in April 2009. Location Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 2 00 S, 77 30 W Area - comparative slightly smaller than Nevada Coast line 2,237 km Climate tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands Terrain Ecuador coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) Natural Resources Ecuador petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower Irrigated land 8,650 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 432 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts Environment Currentissues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands Geography Note Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world Population Ecuador 14,790,608 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.466% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 20.32 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.46 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.3% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 26,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3% Religions Roman Catholic 95%, other 5% Languages Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) Education Expenditures 1% of GDP (2001) Government Type republic Administrative Divisions 24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe Independence 24 May 1822 (from Spain) National Holiday Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809) Constitution 20-Oct-08 Legal System based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage 16 years of age; universal, compulsory for persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters Legislative Branch unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (124 seats; members are elected through a party-list proportional representation system to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (according to the Constitution, justices are elected through a procedure overseen by the Judiciary Council); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (Constitutional Court justices are appointed by a commission composed of two delegates each from the Executive, Legislative, and Transparency branches of government) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Marlon SANTI, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SALTOS]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Manuel CHUGCHILAN, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Luis Alberto ANDRANGO Cadena, president] International Organization Participation CAN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Flag Description three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms Economy Overview Ecuador is substantially dependent on its petroleum resources, which have accounted for more than half of the country's export earnings and one-fourth of public sector revenues in recent years. In 1999/2000, Ecuador suffered a severe economic crisis, with GDP contracting by more than 6%. Poverty increased significantly, the banking system collapsed, and Ecuador defaulted on its external debt later that year. In March 2000, Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and positive growth returned in the years that followed, helped by high oil prices, remittances, and increased non-traditional exports. From 2002-06 the economy grew 5.5%, the highest five-year average in 25 years. The poverty rate declined during this period but remained high at 38% in 2006. After moderate growth in 2007, the economy reached a growth rate of 6.5% in 2008, in large part due to high global petroleum prices. Poverty levels declined to about 35% by the end of 2008. President Rafael CORREA, who took office in January 2007, raised the specter of a sovereign debt default and followed through on those threats in December 2008, defaulting on $3.2 billion in international bonds, representing over 80% of Ecuador's private external debt. Economic policies under the CORREA administration - including an announcement in late 2009 terminating 13 bilateral investment treaties, one with the US - have generated economic uncertainty and discouraged both domestic and foreign private investment. The Ecuadorian economy contracted in 2009, mainly due to the global financial crisis, and also the sharp decline in world oil prices and remittance flows. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $108.2 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $56.27 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate -1% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $7,400 (2009 est.) Labor Force 4.43 million (urban) (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 7.9% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 35.1% (2008) Distribution Of Family Income 47.9 (2009) Unvestment Gross Fixed 27.5% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 20.2% of GDP (November 2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 4.3% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 19% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money $9.215 billion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $9.79 billion (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit $14.56 billion (31 December 2009) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $4.247 billion (31 December 2009) Agriculture - Products bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp Industries petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals Industrial Production Growth Rate -1.7% (2009 est.) Electricity Production 16.42 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Consumption 15.81 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 20.68 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 1.12 billion kWh (2007 est.) Oil Production 486,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 191,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 327,600 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Imports 54,190 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 4.66 billion bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Production 260 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 260 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 8.919 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Current Account Balance -$1.031 billion (2009 est.) Exports $13.76 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp, cacao, coffee, hemp, wood, fish Exports Partners US 33.5%, Peru 6.8%, Chile 6.5%, Columbia 4.9% (2009 est.) Imports $14.09 billion (2009 est.) Imports Commodities industrial materials, fuels and lubricants, nondurable consumer goods Imports Partners US 25.4%, Columbia 10.6%, Venezuela 6.5%, Brazil 4.5% (2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $3.792 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $13.28 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $NA (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations 1 (2009) Internet Country Code 1.91 million (2008) Airports 7 (plus 14 repeaters) (2000) Military Service Age and Obligation 2 (2009)

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