Egypt. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

Pen Ink City 6th of October City Pen Ink City Abu Qirqas Pen Ink City Abutig Pen Ink City Akhmim Pen Ink City Akoris Pen Ink City Alamein Pen Ink City Alexandria Pen Ink City Amarna Pen Ink City Ansena Pen Ink City Arish Pen Ink City Aswan Pen Ink City Asyut Pen Ink City Balyana Pen Ink City Beni Hasan Pen Ink City Beni Mazar Pen Ink City Beni Suef Pen Ink City Cairo Pen Ink City Cusae Pen Ink City Dairut Pen Ink City Dakhla Pen Ink City Damanhur Pen Ink City Damietta Pen Ink City Deir el-Bersha Pen Ink City Deir Mawas Pen Ink City Dendera Pen Ink City Disuq Pen Ink City El-Mahalla El-Kubra Pen Ink City Faiyum Pen Ink City Fateh Pen Ink City Ghanayem Pen Ink City Girga Pen Ink City Giza Pen Ink City Hamrah Dawm Pen Ink City Helwan Pen Ink City Hermopolis Pen Ink City Hurghada Pen Ink City Idwa Pen Ink City Ismaïlia Pen Ink City Kafr Dawar Pen Ink City Kharga Oasis Pen Ink City Kom Ombo Pen Ink City Luxor Pen Ink City Maghagha Pen Ink City Mallawi Pen Ink City Manfalut Pen Ink City Mansoura Pen Ink City Manzala Pen Ink City Maragha Pen Ink City Marsa Matruh Pen Ink City Matai Pen Ink City Matareya Pen Ink City Minya Pen Ink City Mit Ghamr Pen Ink City Nag Hammadi Pen Ink City Noubarya Pen Ink City Oxyrhynchus Pen Ink City Port Safaga Pen Ink City Port Said Pen Ink City Rosetta Pen Ink City Saint Katherine city Pen Ink City Samalut Pen Ink City Sedfa Pen Ink City Senbellawein Pen Ink City Sharm el-Sheikh Pen Ink City Shibin El Kom Pen Ink City Shibin el-Qanater Pen Ink City Shubra el-Kheima Pen Ink City Siwah Pen Ink City Sohag Pen Ink City Suez Pen Ink City Taba Pen Ink City Tahta Pen Ink City Tanta Pen Ink City Tima Pen Ink City Zagazig Pen Ink City Zifta England Description Egypt The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub, but also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty with the overthrow of the British-backed monarchy in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's growing population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 27 00 N, 30 00 E Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico Coast line 2,450 km Climate desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters Terrain Egypt vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta Natural Resources Egypt petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc Irrigated land 34,220 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 86.8 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms; sandstorms Environment Currentissues agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources Geography Note controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees Population Egypt 80,471,869 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.997% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 25.02 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 4.85 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 3.01 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 9,200 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Egyptian 99.6%, other 0.4% (2006 census) Religions Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1% Languages Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes Education Expenditures 4.2% of GDP (2006) Government Type republic Administrative Divisions 29 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazat); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar (Red Sea), Al Buhayrah (El Beheira), Al Fayyum (El Faiyum), Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria), Al Isma'iliyah (Ismailia), Al Jizah (Giza), Al Minufiyah (El Monofia), Al Minya, Al Qahirah (Cairo), Al Qalyubiyah, Al Uqsur, Al Wadi al Jadid (New Valley), As Suways (Suez), Ash Sharqiyah, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf (Beni Suef), Bur Sa'id (Port Said), Dumyat (Damietta), Helwan, Janub Sina' (South Sinai), Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh (Western Desert), Qina (Qena), Shamal Sina' (North Sinai), Sittah Uktubar, Suhaj (Sohag) Independence 28 February 1922 (from the UK) National Holiday Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) Constitution 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26 March 2007 Legal System based on Islamic and civil law (particularly Napoleonic codes); judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory Legislative Branch bicameral system consists of the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (Shura Council) that traditionally functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 members elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve six-year terms; mid-term elections for half of the elected members) and the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 members elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders Supreme Constitutional Court Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Muslim Brotherhood (technically illegal) International Organization Participation ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Flag Description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; colors derived from the Arab Liberation flag Economy Overview Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but has opened up considerably under former President Anwar EL-SADAT and current President Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK. Cairo from 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued economic reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate GDP growth. The global financial crisis has slowed, but not stopped, the reform efforts. The international economic downturn slowed Egypt's GDP growth to 4.7% in 2009, predominately affecting export-oriented sectors, including manufacturing and tourism, and Suez Canal revenues. Growth in domestic sectors, including energy, transportation, telecommunications, retail trade, and construction kept economic growth from falling further in 2009. The government announced three separate stimulus packages between the end of 2008 and the end of 2009 totaling $6.3 billion, but it is not clear how much has been spent. Despite high levels of economic growth over the past few years, living conditions for the average Egyptian remain poor. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $471.2 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $190.2 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 4.7% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $6,000 (2009 est.) Labor Force 25.8 million (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 9.7% (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line 20% (2005 est.) Distribution Of Family Income 34.4 (2001) Unvestment Gross Fixed 17.9% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 79.8% of GDP (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 10.1% (2009 est.) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 8.5% (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money NA% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $31.72 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Domestic Credit $112.2 billion (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $138.3 billion (31 December 2009) Agriculture - Products $92.6 billion (31 December 2009) Industries cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats Industrial Production Growth Rate textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures Electricity Production 3.9% (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 118.4 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Exports 104.1 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 814 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Production 251 million kWh (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 675,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 712,700 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Imports 89,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 48,450 bbl/day (2009 est.) Natural Gas Production 4.4 billion bbl (1 June 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 62.7 billion cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports 42.5 billion cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports 8.55 billion cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2009 est.) Current Account Balance 2.19 trillion cu m (1 June 2009 est.) Exports -$3.32 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $22.91 billion (2009 est.) Exports Partners crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food Imports Italy 9.5%, US 7.1%, Spain 6.2%, India 6%, Syria 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Germany 4.5% (2008) Imports Commodities $43.98 billion (2009 est.) Imports Partners machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold US 10.2%, China 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Germany 6.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2008) Debt - External $34.99 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations $66.43 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations $12.23 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Internet Country Code Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - 5.6 (2009), 5.4 (2008), 5.67 (2007), 5.725 (2006), 5.78 (2005) Airports AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 22, shortwave 1 (2010) Military Service Age and Obligation 85 (2009)

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