Eritrea. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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Eritrea's denial of fuel to the mission caused the UN to withdraw the mission and terminate its mandate 31 July 2008. An international commission, organized to resolve the border dispute, posted its findings in 2002. However, both parties have been unable to reach agreement on implementing the decision. On 30 November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission remotely demarcated the border by coordinates and dissolved itself, leaving Ethiopia still occupying several tracts of disputed territory, including the town of Badme. Eritrea accepted the EEBC's "virtual demarcation" decision and called on Ethiopia to remove its troops from the TSZ that it states is Eritrean territory. Ethiopia has not accepted the virtual demarcation decision. Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan   Geographic Coordinates 15 00 N, 39 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than Pennsylvania Coast line 2,234 km (mainland on Red Sea 1,151 km, islands in Red Sea 1,083 km) Climate hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands Terrain Eritrea dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains Natural Resources Eritrea gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish Irrigated land 210 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 6.3 cu km (2001) Natural Hazards frequent droughts; locust swarms Environment Currentissues deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare Geography Note strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993 Population Eritrea 5,792,984 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.522% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 33.48 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 8.25 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 4.6 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.3% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 38,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3% Religions Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant Languages Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages Education Expenditures 2.4% of GDP (2006) Government Type transitional government Administrative Divisions 6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash Barka, Ma'akel (Central), Semenawi Keyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea) Independence 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia) National Holiday Independence Day, 24 May (1993) Constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but has not yet been fully implemented Legal System primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957 with revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been promulgated; government also issues unilateral proclamations setting laws and policies; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Islamic law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also have military and special courts Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Eritrean Democratic Party (EDP) [HAGOS, Mesfin]; Eritrean Islamic Jihad or EIJ (includes Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement or EIJM also known as the Abu Sihel Movement); Eritrean Islamic Salvation or EIS (also known as the Arafa Movement); Eritrean Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH Muhammed]; Eritrean National Alliance or ENA (a coalition including EIJ, EIS, ELF, and a number of ELF factions) [HERUY Tedla Biru]; Eritrean Public Forum or EPF [ARADOM Iyob] International Organization Participation ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, ITUC, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Flag Description red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle Economy Overview Since independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced the economic problems of a small, desperately poor country, accentuated by the recent implementation of restrictive economic policies. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% - is engaged in subsistence agriculture, but they produce only a small share of total output. The Ethiopian-Eritrea war in 1998-2000 severely hurt Eritrea's economy. GDP growth fell to zero in 1999 and to -12.1% in 2000. The May 2000 Ethiopian offensive into northern Eritrea caused some $600 million in property damage and loss including losses of $225 million in livestock and 55,000 homes. The attack prevented planting of crops in Eritrea's most productive region, causing food production to drop by 62%. Despite the fighting, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure, asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges. Since the war's conclusion, the government has maintained a firm grip on the economy, expanding the use of the military and party-owned businesses to complete Eritrea's development agenda. The government strictly controls the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability. Few private enterprises remain in Eritrea. Eritrea's economy depends heavily on taxes paid by members of the diaspora. Erratic rainfall and the delayed demobilization of agriculturalists from the military continue to interfere with agricultural production, and Eritrea's recent harvests have been unable to meet the food needs of the country. The Government continues to place its hope for additional revenue on the development of several international mining projects. Despite difficulties for international companies in working with the Eritrean Government, a Canadian mining company signed a contract with the government in 2007 and plans to begin mineral extraction in 2010. Eritrea's economic future depends upon its ability to master social problems such as illiteracy, unemployment, and low skills, and more importantly, on the government's willingness to support a true market economy. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $4.198 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) $1.714 billion (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 2.5% (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) $700 (2009 est.) Labor Force 1.935 million NA Unemployment Rate NA% Population Below Poverty Line 50% (2004 est.) Distribution Of Family Income 18.7% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed 15.5% (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $896.2 million (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $1.053 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $1.851 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal; livestock, goats; fish Stock Of Domestic Credit food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares 2.5% (2009 est.) Agriculture - Products 271 million kWh (2007 est.) Industries 228 million kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 5,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Production 4,790 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Exports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports -$254 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $12 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures Current Account Balance India 25.3%, Italy 20.7%, Sudan 14.1%, China 12.9%, France 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 5.4% (2008) Exports $590 million (2009 est.) Exports Commodities machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods Exports Partners Saudi Arabia 20.7%, India 13.6%, Italy 12.6%, China 9.9%, US 5.1%, Germany 4.6% (2008) Imports $22 million (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $311 million (2000 est.) Imports Partners nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 15.5 (2009), 15.38 (2008), 15.5 (2007), 15.4 (2006), 14.5 (2005) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold 40,400 (2008) Debt - External 108,600 (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations 2 (2006) Television Broadcast Stations .er Internet Country Code 1,307 (2009) Airports 1 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision but, neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; UN Peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), which has monitored the 25-km-wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea since 2000, is extended for six months in 2007 despite Eritrean restrictions on its operations and reduced force of 17,000; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups; in 2008 Eritrean troops move across the border on Ras Doumera peninsula and occupy Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea

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