Estonia. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with Western Europe. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. Location Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 59 00 N, 26 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined Coast line 3,794 km Climate maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers Terrain Estonia marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south Natural Resources Estonia oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud Irrigated land 40 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 21.1 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards sometimes flooding occurs in the spring Environment Currentissues air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations Geography Note the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands Population Estonia 1,291,170 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.635% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.42 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.43 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.3% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 9,900 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census) Religions Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census) Languages Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census) Education Expenditures 5.1% of GDP (2004) Government Type parliamentary republic Administrative Divisions 15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru) Independence 20 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National Holiday Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union Constitution adopted 28 June 1992 Legal System based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens Legislative Branch unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders Supreme Court (chairman appointed for life by Parliament) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun Flag Description Estonia, a 2004 European Union entrant, has a modern market-based economy and one of the higher per capita income levels in Central Europe and the Baltic region. Estonia's successive governments have pursued a free market, pro-business economic agenda and have wavered little in their commitment to pro-market reforms. The current government has pursued relatively sound fiscal policies that have resulted in balanced budgets - at least up until 2009 - and low public debt. Tallinn's priority has been to sustain high growth rates - on average 8% per year from 2003 to 2007. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors and strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, and Germany. The government is on track to adopt the euro in 2011. Estonia's economy slowed down markedly and fell sharply into recession in mid-2008, primarily as a result of an investment and consumption slump following the bursting of the real estate market bubble. GDP dropped nearly 15% in 2009, among the world's highest rates of contraction. Economy Overview $24.36 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $18.26 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -14.1% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate $18,700 (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 700,000 (2009 est.) Labor Force 14.3% (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate 19.5% (2007) Population Below Poverty Line 34 (2008) Distribution Of Family Income 19.4% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed 7.5% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate -0.4% (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 8.55% (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $6.106 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $5.478 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $22.02 billion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Domestic Credit $1.951 billion (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares potatoes, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish Agriculture - Products engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles; information technology, telecommunications Industries -26.5% (2009 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 11.46 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 7.686 billion kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Consumption 2.31 billion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 1.369 billion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 7,600 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 7,280 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 30,590 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Imports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 1.51 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 1.51 billion cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.084 billion (2009 est.) Current Account Balance $9.233 billion (2009 est.) Exports machinery and equipment 29%, wood and paper 13%, metals 10%, food products 8%, textiles 5%, chemical products Exports Commodities Finland 18.3%, Sweden 13.8%, Russia 10.3%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 5%, US 4.8% (2008) Exports Partners $9.315 billion (2009 est.) Imports machinery and equipment 35%, textiles 19%, mineral fuels 19%, chemical products 9%, foodstuffs 6% Imports Commodities Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%, Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.5% (2008) Imports Partners $3.853 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $22.54 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $16.76 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations kroon (EEK) per US dollar - 11.482 (2009), 10.7 (2008), 11.535 (2007), 12.473 (2006), 12.584 (2005) Television Broadcast Stations 498,100 (2008) Internet Country Code 2.525 million (2008) Airports .ee Military Service Age and Obligation gas 859 km (2009)

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