Finland. Ballpoint Pens, Rollerball Pens,Cartridges, Fountain Pens.

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It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system; currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an export-driven economy. Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia WebCam   Geographic Coordinates 64 00 N, 26 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Montana Coast line 1,250 km Climate cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes Terrain Finland mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills Natural Resources Finland timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone Irrigated land 640 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 110 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards NA Environment Currentissues air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations Geography Note long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain Population Finland 5,255,068 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 0.084% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.37 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.73 children born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 2,400 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma (Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006) Religions Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006) Languages Finnish 91.2% (official), Swedish 5.5% (official), other 3.3% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2007) Education Expenditures 6.4% of GDP (2005) Government Type republic Administrative Divisions 20 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta [Finnish]; landskapen, singular - landskapet [Swedish]); Ahvenanmaa (Finnish), Aland (Swedish); Birkaland (Finnish), Pirkanmaa (Swedish); Egentliga Finland (Finnish), Varsinais-Suomi (Swedish); Egentliga Tavastland (Finnish), Kanta-Hame (Swedish); Kajanaland (Finnish), Kainuu (Swedish); Kymmenedalen (Finnish), Kymenlaakso (Swedish); Lappland (Finnish), Lappi (Swedish); Mellersta Finland (Finnish), Keski-Suomi (Swedish); Mellersta Osterbotten (Finnish), Keski-Pohjanmaa (Swedish); Norra Karelen (Finnish), Pohjois-Karjala (Swedish); Norra Osterbotten (Finnish), Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Swedish); Norra Savolax (Finnish), Pohjois-Savo (Swedish); Nyland (Finnish), Uusimaa (Swedish); Ostra Nyland (Finnish), Ita-Uusimaa (Swedish); Paijanne-Tavastland (Finnish), Paijat-Hame (Swedish); Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish); Satakunta (Finnish), Satakunta (Swedish); Sodra Karelen (Finnish), Etela-Karjala (Swedish); Sodra Osterbotten (Finnish), Etela-Pohjanmaa (Swedish); Sodra Savolax (Finnish), Etela-Savo (Swedish) Independence 6 December 1917 (from Russia) National Holiday Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Constitution 1-Mar-00 Legal System civil law system based on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Suffrage 18 years of age; universal Legislative Branch unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders general courts - deal with criminal and civil cases (include district courts, Courts of Appeal, and the Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus, whose judges are appointed by the president); administrative courts Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter Flag Description Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Trade is important with exports accounting for over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone, and will serve as a brake on economic growth in 2010. The slowdown of construction, other investment, and exports will cause unemployment to rise further from the 2009 level. The recession will leave a deep, long-lasting mark on general government finances and the debt ratio. It turned previously strong public finances into deficit within a year. In the next few years, the great challenge of economic policy will be to implement a post-recession exit strategy in which measures supporting growth will be combined with general government adjustment measures. Longer-term, Finland must address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth. Economy Overview $182.6 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) $238.2 billion (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -7.6% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate $34,900 (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 2.68 million (2009 est.) Labor Force 8.5% (2009 est.) Unemployment Rate NA% Population Below Poverty Line 29.5 (2007) Distribution Of Family Income 19% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed 41.4% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation Rrate 0% (2009 est.) Central Bank Discount Rate 3% (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate 5.79% (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit $241.1 billion (31 December 2008) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares $NA (31 December 2008) Agriculture - Products barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish Industries metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing Industrial Production Growth Rate -20.9% (2009 est.) Electricity Production 77.44 billion kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 87.25 billion kWh (2008) Electricity Exports 3.335 billion kWh (2008) Electricity Imports 16.11 billion kWh (2008) Oil Production 9,789 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 201,200 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 130,500 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Imports 337,900 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves NA bbl Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 4.501 billion cu m (2009) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Imports 4.5 billion cu m (2008) Natural Gas Proved Reserves 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Current Account Balance $970 million (2009 est.) Exports $57.88 billion (2009 est.) Exports Commodities electrical and optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, basic metals; timber Exports Partners Russia 11.6%, Sweden 10%, Germany 10%, US 6.4%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2008) Imports $54.1 billion (2009 est.) Imports Commodities foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains Imports Partners Russia 16.2%, Germany 15.6%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, China 5%, UK 4.2% (2008) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $8.635 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $364.9 billion (30 June 2009) Radio Broadcast Stations $116.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Television Broadcast Stations euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7338 (2009), 0.6827 (2008), 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005) Internet Country Code 1.65 million (2008) Airports 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999); note - on 1 September 2007, Finland began broadcasting all television signals digitally; analog broadcasts via cable networks were discontinued 29 February 2008 Military Service Age and Obligation gas 694 km (2009)

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