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England Description Ghana
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Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. The subsequent granting of autonomy in 1969 by the UK led to Spain closing the border and severing all communication links. A series of talks were held by the UK and Spain between 1997 and 2002 on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltar Government called a referendum in late 2002 in which the majority of citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since the referendum, tripartite talks on other issues have been held with Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar, and in September 2006 a three-way agreement was signed. Spain agreed to remove restrictions on air movements, to speed up customs procedures, to implement international telephone dialing, and to allow mobile roaming agreements. Britain agreed to pay increased pensions to Spaniards who had been employed in Gibraltar before the border closed. Spain will be allowed to open a cultural institute from which the Spanish flag will fly. A new noncolonial constitution came into effect in 2007, but the UK retains responsibility for defense, foreign relations, internal security, and financial stability.
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Location
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Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
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Geographic Coordinates
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36 08 N, 5 21 W
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Area - comparative
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more than 10 times the size of The National Mall in Washington, D.C.
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Coast line
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12 km
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Climate
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Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
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Terrain Ghana
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a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
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Natural Resources Ghana
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none
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Irrigated land
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NA
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Total Renewable Water Resources
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NA
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Natural Hazards
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limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
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Environment Currentissues
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strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
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Geography Note
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28,877 (July 2010 est.)
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Population Ghana
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0.27% (2010 est.)
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Population growth rate
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14.2 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Birth Rate
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8.17 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
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Death Rate
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-3.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
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Netmigration Rate
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1.96 children born/woman (2010 est.)
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Total Fertility Rate
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NA
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Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate
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NA
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Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids
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NA
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Hiv/Aids Deaths
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Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
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Religions
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English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
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Languages
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NA
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Education Expenditures
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overseas territory of the UK
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Government Type
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NA
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Administrative Divisions
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none (overseas territory of the UK)
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Independence
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none (overseas territory of the UK)
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National Holiday
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National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or join Spain
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Constitution
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5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
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Legal System
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the laws of the UK where applicable apply
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Suffrage
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18 years of age; universal; and British citizens who have been residents six months or more
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Legislative Branch
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unicameral Parliament (18 seats: 17 members elected by popular vote, 1 for the speaker appointed by Parliament; members serve four-year terms)
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Political Partie Sand Leaders
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Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
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Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders
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Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
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International Organization Participation
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Interpol (subbureau), UPU
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Flag Description
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none (overseas territory of the UK)
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Economy Overview
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none (overseas territory of the UK)
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GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
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two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band; the design is that of Gibraltar's coat of arms granted on 10 July 1502 by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain; the castle symbolizes Gibraltar as a fortress, while the key represents Gibraltar's strategic importance - the key to the Mediterranean
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GDP (Official Exchange Rate)
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Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
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GDP Real Growth Rate
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$1.106 billion (2006 est.)
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GDP Per Capita (PPP)
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$1.106 billion (2006 est.)
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Labor Force
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3.7% (2006 est.)
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Unemployment Rate
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$38,500 (2006 est.)
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Population Below Poverty Line
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12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
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Distribution Of Family Income
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3% (2005 est.)
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Unvestment Gross Fixed
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NA%
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Inflation Rrate
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15.5% of GDP (2006 est.)
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Central Bank Discount Rate
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2.9% (2005)
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Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
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none
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Stock Of Money
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tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
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Stock Of Quasi Money
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NA%
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Stock Of Domestic Credit
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146 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares
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146 million kWh (2007 est.)
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Agriculture - Products
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Industries
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0 kWh (2008 est.)
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Industrial Production Growth Rate
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0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Production
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24,000 bbl/day (2008 est.)
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Electricity Consumption
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0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Electricity Exports
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25,610 bbl/day (2007 est.)
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Electricity Imports
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0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.)
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Oil Production
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Consumption
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Exports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Imports
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0 cu m (2008 est.)
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Oil Proved Reserves
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0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.)
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Natural Gas Production
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$271 million (2004 est.)
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Natural Gas Consumption
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(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods
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Natural Gas Exports
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$2.967 billion (2004 est.)
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Natural Gas Imports
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fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
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Natural Gas Proved Reserves
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$NA
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Current Account Balance
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Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar - 0.6494 (2009), 0.5302 (2008), 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005)
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Exports
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24,000 (2008)
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Exports Commodities
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18,400 (2004)
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Exports Partners
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AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
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Imports
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1 (plus 3 repeaters) (1997)
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Imports Commodities
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.gi
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Imports Partners
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1,955 (2009)
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Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold
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6,500 (2008)
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Debt - External
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1 (2009)
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Radio Broadcast Stations
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Royal Gibraltar Regiment (2009)
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Television Broadcast Stations
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defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces in 1992
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Internet Country Code
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in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy
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Airports
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Military Service Age and Obligation
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